A probabilistic load shedding concept considering highly volatile local generation

Automatic load shedding is the ultimate countermeasure against imbalance in a power system and can effectively help preventing large blackouts. Taking into account a high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the distribution grid, a clear distinction between load and generation at the PCC becomes increasingly more difficult. For that reason an adaptation of frequency relay parameters and their locations of installation are necessary. In Europe this is rest on a multi-step plan based on values such as the yearly peak load. In this paper a novel probabilistic method for automatic load shedding is presented that uses the average values instead of peak values for load shedding. Its applicability is verified by a dynamic power system model that was developed to compare the classical and novel probabilistic load shedding principle. The method is verified using data from a German TSO.     

Application of differential evolution for cascaded multilevel VSI with harmonics elimination PWM switching

Harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (HEPWM) method has been widely applied to multilevel voltage source inverter (MVSI) to remove low frequency harmonics from its output voltage. However, the computation of the HEPWM switching angles for MVSI is very challenging due to several constraints, namely angle sequencing, very tight angular spacing and the numerous possibilities of angles distribution ratio. Realizing the potential of Differential Evolution (DE) to handle complex problems, this work proposes its application to solve the HEPWM problem for cascaded MVSI. Its emphasis is on improving the availability of HEPWM for higher output voltage by extending the maximum range of modulation index (M). It also removes the discontinuities in the switching angles and reduces the number of distribution ratio required to obtain the required solution. Compared to the most advanced (similar) work, i.e., 7-level MVSI with seventeen switching angles, DE covers a wider range of M; the maximum achievable M is 2.80. Furthermore, it exhibits very low second order distortion factor (DF₂): for the worst case, the value of DF₂ is 0.0014%. To verify the viability of the proposed algorithm, simulation is carried out and hardware prototype is constructed. Both results show very good agreement with the theoretical prediction.     

某340矫直机上辊快开机构裂纹原因分析及预防措施

340管线矫直机是太原重工成熟产品,在国内占有较大市场,并出口印度、印尼、缅甸、埃及等国际市场。出口印度矫直机在质保期内出现主缸裂纹问题,为探明问题原因并杜绝类似情况发生,快开机构设计静强度分析、疲劳强度分析及生产加工过程等方面探查裂纹原因并提出几点预防措施。     

Optimal filtering and control for wireless networked closed-loop control systems

This article studies the optimal filtering and control for wireless networked control systems (WNCSs). In WNCSs, packets may be lost in both control and feedback channels and user datagram protocol is usually used to improve the performance of the real-time control. Relevant literature indicates that the conventional optimal filtering for such a system cannot be applied in practice due to the complex calculation with Gaussian mixtures. This paper proposes a novel scheme to realize the optimal filtering and the linear quadratic Gaussian control for WNCSs, in which the controlled node performs a local estimation and the remote-control node performs the final estimation and control, and a synchronization of two estimators is guaranteed by a communication mechanism. An optimal filtering algorithm is developed, the stability condition of the filtering error covariance is obtained, optimal finite-horizon and infinite-horizon control are derived, and the stability of the closed-loop control system is proved. Numerical simulations show the validity and feasibility of the theoretical results.     

郭庄煤业选煤厂振动筛筛选形式的优化研究

针对郭庄煤业选煤厂振动筛振动筛分方式可靠性差、筛分效率低下、物料筛分率低的难题,本文提出了三种新的振动筛分方案,对不同筛分方案的实际应用效果进行了分析。结果表明三移动一摆动的振动筛分方式对物料的综合分散度最高,稳定性好,该筛分方案已在郭庄煤业选煤厂煤炭筛分过程中得到了全面的应用。     

Studying the effect of organo-modified nanoclay loading on the thermal stability,flame retardant,anti-corrosive and mechanical properties of polyurethane nanocomposite for surface coating

Clay polyurethane nanocomposite (CPN) coating films were fabricated by uniformly dispersing nanoclay, organically modified with 25–30 wt.% octadecylamine in varying concentrations up to 5 wt.%, in a commercial two component, glossy, acrylic aliphatic polyurethane using ultrasonication. Organo-modified nanoclay was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dispersion of the nanoclay into the matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CPN coating films were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and flame retardant, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties were also investigated. The XRD measurement indicated that, the organo-modified nanoclay particles were mainly constituted of montmorillonite with traces of quartz and calcite also found to be present. The SEM analysis showed that the nanoclay layers were dispersed and intercalated into the polyurethane coating. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that incorporating 5 wt.% organo-nanoclay into polyurethane considerably enhanced the thermal stability and increased the char residue to 14.11 wt.% relative to 4.58 for the sample without organo-nanoclay (blank polyurethane). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) test revealed that incorporation of organo-nanoclay led to a further increase in LOI values, which indicate an improvement in flame retardancy properties. The corrosion resistance also improved and this improvement increases with increase nanoclay wt.%. The mechanical resistance measurements demonstrated that the gloss of the CPN coating films slightly decreased, although hardness, adhesion and impact resistance of the CPN coating films improved with the incorporation of the organo-nanoclay.     

Binary Ti–Fe system. Part I: Experimental investigation at high pressure

The present work illustrates the effect of quasi-hydrostatic pressure on the positions and widths of the homogeneity ranges of the intermetallic phases TiFe and TiFe₂ at high temperatures. The experiments were performed with Ti–Fe diffusion couples that were heat treated in a multi-anvil press at 2.5 GPa. The solubility limits of the phases were derived from the concentration profiles that were measured using electron probe microanalysis. It was found that the homogeneity ranges of TiFe and TiFe₂ extend to higher titanium concentrations, if the pressure is applied. The positions of the phase boundaries of the intermetallics on the iron-rich side are not affected by the pressure. The accuracy of the experimental data including the homogeneity ranges and temperatures was verified by comparing the homogeneity ranges of β-Ti(Fe), α/δ-Fe(Ti) and γ-Fe measured in this study with the homogeneity ranges taken from literature. The pressure was calibrated using the pressure-induced phase transitions of bismuth.     

Systematic convergence of nonlinear stochastic estimators on the Special Orthogonal Group SO(3)

This paper introduces two novel nonlinear stochastic attitude estimators developed on the Special Orthogonal Group with the tracking error of the normalized Euclidean distance meeting predefined transient and steady‐state characteristics. The tracking error is confined to initially start within a predetermined large set such that the transient performance is guaranteed to obey dynamically reducing boundaries and decrease smoothly and asymptotically to the origin in probability from almost any initial condition. The proposed estimators produce accurate attitude estimates with remarkable convergence properties using measurements obtained from low‐cost inertial measurement units. The estimators proposed in continuous form are complemented by their discrete versions for the implementation purposes. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed estimators against uncertain measurements and large initialization error, whether in continuous or discrete form.     

GIS气体高压开关在阳煤五矿变电站的应用

针对阳煤五矿广场变电站的高压开关老化问题,为了保证安全性,采用了GIS气体的高压绝缘开关进行了改造。在改造后,变电站的安全性得到了显著提高,设备运行可以节省成本200多万元。